Formalin fixation can cause 'cross-linking' among epitopes, which covers up extensively antigen determinants in the tissues. This cross-linking effect can largely be reversed with either enzymatic digestion or Heat-Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER) process. Our universal antigen retrieval buffer is specially formulated to provide effective epitope unmasking capability as well as excellent pH and buffering conditions to maintain antigen or tissue section stability at high temperatures. This product works well for many targets in tissue sections.